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TO ALL WHOM I'l MAY CON CERN: q

Be it known that 1,3. C. SLAUGHTER, of Crompton, Queen Anne county, Maryland, dhave, invented an` Improvement 'in' Churns; and I 'do hereby declare the. following to be a fullgclear, and exact description of the saine. I .Y Y l j l i A Y My invention consists of a casiugdcon'traeted in diameter at-the lower end, and containing revolving blades or heaters, Yarranged as fullydescribed hereafter, so that 'while theepparatus isadapted for holding and chnrning a largequantity of creara, it will-operatetas eectually when the quantity of cream is greatlyreduced.

I n order to enable others skilled in .the art tomake and use my invention, I will now proceed to describe its construction and operation, reference being had to thc accompanying drawing; which forms a part of `this 'Y specification, and'in whichj Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of niy irnproveduehuru. Figure 2, a section on theline'l-, iig. 1;-and Figure 3, a plan view, partly in section.

A is a casing, which ismylindrical from the upper edgeY to theline but contracts gradually diam-e"t e1".'; j`

below this line; and on a. -ledge,., near the upper edge of the casing, rests a cap" or' cover, "B, `consisting of three sections, a a1 ai, the-:sections a al being hinged together, and pins ca at the inner edge of thefseetion'(12,4

extendinginte recesses in the section al, g.`3.

In a nstepv at the bottom f' the casing, rests the lower end of a shaft,- C, which ente'ndsi'thrcuglirthecap B, and has at its upper enda bevel-pinion, e; the teeth ofthe latter being adapted tothose ofa5bevelqrhjeel,f,`

on a shaft, D, turning in a bracket, E, secured to the section val ofthe cover.

j To the shaft C is hung a`frame, G, the shaft passing through a sleeve-z, atjthe upper end ofjthefienile-i,

and near its lower end, through `a yoke, z', the frame corresponding inform ,with the casing'fgasshown in the drawing.A j Acrossttheframe extend blades,tm, which are closer .together at' the lower than alt/the' upper' ;end,"`for a purpose described hereafter; and from the shaft C project blades n, which are aln'a'ngedfmidway,betweenithe*` blades m of the frame. 4 4 l l The sleeve z projects through the cap B, and has, at` its upper end, a bevel-pinion, e', the teeth of'which are adapted to those of the toothed wheelf. At the outer endof the shaft D is a'crankhandle, F and from the section a2, project pins a,V g. 3, which are adapted to L-shaped slots s, near 'the upper edge of the casing a pin, o', projecting from the section a into a notch or recess, s', in the casing.` i

. After the crearnis placed in th'e'rchurn, the'parts are arrangedps shownin the drawing, and the shaft D is turned, when 4the shaft Gand the frame Gwill be caused to revolve rapidly in opposite directd'ns, therebyA so thoroughly agitating the cream that butter is quickly obtained.

The ordinary ehurns are generally of the same diameter, or nearly of the same diameter, at the lower as at the upper` ends, so that althongheiicient in their operation when nearly filled with crearnkthey will not act upon s'rnall quantities of. cream, which, in receptacles of such considerable diameter, cannot cover more than one or'twocf the blades; the latter therefore failing toproduce such an agitation o f the cream as is necessary i `to extract the butter. i j l By the usevot a easing contracted in diameter nea-r its lower `end, in connection with. revolving blades, arranged nearer'together at .the lower thanat the upper part of the casing, the smallest quant-ity gf cream' which it is desirable-to churn .will cover such-Va nuinher of blades or Vheaters that the latter 4ca nnot fail to thoroughly agitate it, while the capacity of the churris not materially reduced, and its efficiency in operating upon larger quantities of cream vis not impaired. i

In -securing the lid or cover, the section or'plate a'z is first introduced into the casing, so that the pins o will t pass into the vertical portions of the L-shaped openings s, and, afterthc plate is in contact with the ledge b, it is turned so as to carry the pins into the-horizontal portions of the slots, the plate being thus prevented from rising. The shaft and-frame are now adjusted, and 'the .sections a al are placed upon the ledge b, the pin o' projecting intoithe recess s', and thus preventing the turning of the cap :is long as the section a is in its place, so thntthe emp is firmly secured in its position without theuse of detachable fasteningdevices, which are liable to he lost, to get out of order, and are dilcult to manipulate. I

When .access is desired to the interior of the churn, only the portion a is rised. fvrdesired, however, a single section or plete may be substituted forthe two sections a al. i

nasmueh'as the shaft C is4 at one side of the blades of the frame Gr, these blades may extend entirely across the frame, instead of being divided atthccentre,for the passage of the shaft, as in ordinary churns hnvinglheaters of this cla-ss. The cost ofr eenstructngthe beaters is thus reduced, while they nre' much more durable then those mede in the usual manner. y

I donot ela-im n revolving shaft and blades in combination with e revolving frame but I- claim as myv invention, and desire to seeure by Letters Patentl 1. A casingn'A, contreted in diameter near the bottom, in combination-with eseries of revolving blades, arranged nearer together it-the lewe;` than 4et the tippen end ofthe easing, for the -purposevset forth.

2. The freine Gr, having hladeslm extending across theA same, and hung to the shaft C, in respect to its blades n, :is-and for the purpose specified. v

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

J. e. SLAUGHTER.

Witnesses:

` W. G.' WALLIS, t JAMES WELCH. 

